In what language do you program an Arduino?

The programming language Arduino uses is very similar to C++, a common language in the computer world.
The code you learn to write for Arduino will be very similar to the code you write in another computer language. All basic concepts remain the same, it’s actually just a matter of learning to work with a different dialect.

When writing code for microcontrollers, performance is very important. That’s why you need strong and fast programming languages. C and C++ are among the most powerful languages you can find.
These are fairly fast and stable, and are therefore a good choice for microcontrollers.

The compiler used to convert code into object files is avr-g ++.
A program called avrdude is then used to upload the program to the Arduino microcontroller.

The Arduino programming language can be divided into three main components: functions, values (variables and constants) and structure.

Writing the Arduino codes happens in English. All functions are in English

Digital I/O

digitalRead()
digitalWrite()
pinMode()

Advanced I/O

noTone()
pulseIn()
pulseInLong()
shiftin()
shiftout()
tone()

Trigonometry

cos()
sin()
tan()

Bits and Bytes

bit()
bitClear()
bitRead()
bitset()
bitwrite()
highByte()
lowByte()

Analog I/O

analogRead()
analogReference()
analogWrite()

Math

abs()
constrain()
folder()
Max()
min()
pow()
sq()
sqrt()

Math

abs()
constrain()
folder()
Max()
min()
pow()
sq()
sqrt()

Time

delay()
delayMicroseconds()
micros()
millis()

Zero, Due & MKR Family

analogReadResolution()
analogWriteResolution()

Characters (disambiguation)

isAlpha()
isAlphaNumeric()
isAscii()
isControl()
isDigit()
isGraph()
isHexadecimalDigit()
isLowerCase()
isPrintable()
isPunct()
isSpace()
isUpperCase()
isWhitespace()

Constants

Floating Point Constants
Integer Constants
HIGH | LOW
INPUT | OUTPUT | INPUT_PULLUP
LED_BUILTIN
true | false

Conversion

(unsigned int)
(unsigned long)
byte()
char()
float()
int()
long()
word()

Data Types

String()
Array
Bool
Boolean
Byte
Char
Double
Float
int
Long
Short
size_t
String
unsigned char
unsigned int
unsigned long
Void
Word

Sketch

loop()
setup()

Control Structure

Break
continuous
Do… while
else
for
goto
if
return
switch… case
while

Pointer Access Operators

& (reference operator)
* (dereference operator)

Further Syntax

#define (define)
#include (include)
/* */ (block comment)
// (single line comment)
; (semicolon)
{} (curly braces)

Arithmetic Operators

% (remainder)
* (multiplication)
+ (addition)
– (subtraction)
/ (division)
= (assignment operator)

Bitwise Operators

& bitwise and
<< (bitshift left)
>> (bitshift right)
^ (bitwise xor)
| (bitwise or)
~ (bitwise not)