Benchmark Raspberry Pi 5

De Raspberry Pi 5 has changed a lot compared to the Raspberry 4.
The RPi5 has become faster in many areas.

We have done our own tests here at ElektronicaVoorJou and below you can find our findings.

Points we looked at are:

• CPU
• GPU (graphics processor)
• Storage
• Network and WiFi

CPU
Below you can find the various meetings.
In general, a lot faster, but this is also noticeable in the temperature.
The RPi5 heats up faster than the RPi4 and active cooling is therefore not an unnecessary luxury.

De Raspberry Pi 5 features the Broadcom BCM2712 quad-core Arm Cortex A76 processor with a clock speed of 2,4 GHz.

De Raspberry Pi 4 features the Broadcom BCM2711, Quad core Cortex-A72 (ARM v8) 64-bit SoC with a clock speed of 1.8GHz

So although still 4 cores, the speed without overclocking is already a third faster as standard.

GPU
Below you can find the various meetings.
The RPi5 can also heat up quickly during graphic tasks.
It must be said that the way in which the graphics processor is called influences the temperature.

OpenGL is an open-source graphical programming interface (API) that allows developers to create 2D and 3D graphics for various applications such as video games and scientific visualizations.

Vulkan does the same, but it is specifically designed with multithreading in mind, allowing developers to make more efficient use of modern multi-core processors.

As a result, Vulkan-optimized code will generally be faster and cause the Raspberry to heat up less.

Storage
The traditional way of data storage and on which the operating system is installed is a MicroSD card.
However, it is also possible to boot from USB.
(USB stick, SSD with a USB adapter or even NVMe)

Network

Optimizations have also been carried out in the network area.
Although we didn't really see any differences with a wired Ethernet network, WiFi on the RPi5 is faster.

Measure results and tools.

Below are the measurement results and the software tools we used.
The RPi4 and RPi5 used the same micro SD cards and SSDs.
The place where the WiFi tests were done is also the same in both cases.

CPU Meeting

Tools used: sysbench and 7z

RPi5 with the command “sysbench cpu run”

sysbench cpu run
sysbench 1.0.20 (using system LuaJIT 2.1.0-beta3)
Running the test with the following options:
Number of threads: 1
Initializing random number generator from current time
Prime number limit: 10000
Initializing worker threads...
Threads started!
cpu speed:
    events per second: 2730.50
General statistics:
    total time: 10.0003s
    total number of events: 27309
Latency (ms):
         minus: 0.36
         avg: 0.37
         max: 0.62
         95th percentile: 0.37
         sum: 9995.65
Thread fairness:
    events (avg/stddev): 27309.0000/0.00
    execution time (avg/stddev): 9.9957/0.00

RPi4 with the command “sysbench cpu run

sysbench cpu run
sysbench 1.0.20 (using system LuaJIT 2.1.0-beta3)

Running the test with the following options:
Number of threads: 1
Initializing random number generator from current time
Prime number limit: 10000
Initializing worker threads...
Threads started!
cpu speed:
    events per second: 1471.46
General statistics:
    total time: 10.0005s
    total number of events: 14722
Latency (ms):
         minus: 0.67
         avg: 0.68
         max: 1.14
         95th percentile: 0.68
         sum: 9994.77
Thread fairness:
    events (avg/stddev): 14722.0000/0.00
    execution time (avg/stddev): 9.9948/0.00

Done the meeting with 7z.

(7z is a file compression program and format, similar to ZIP, that offers a high compression ratio and is open-source. But also has a benchmark option)

To run a single-thread benchmark you need to run the following command

7z b -mmt1

For a multi-thread benchmark test, the last option can be omitted

7z b

RPi5 with the command “7z b -mmt1”

7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21
p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=en_GB.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,4 CPUs LE)
LE
CPU Freq: - - - - - - - - -
RAM size: 8049 MB, # CPU hardware threads: 4
RAM usage: 435 MB, # Benchmark threads: 1
                       Compressing | Decompressing
Dict Speed ​​Usage R/U Rating | Speed ​​Usage R/U Rating
         KiB/s % MIPS MIPS | KiB/s % MIPS MIPS
22: 2955 100 2876 2875 | 39071 100 3339 3336
23: 2825 100 2879 2879 | 38558 100 3338 3338
24: 2728 100 2934 2933 | 37821 100 3321 3320
25: 2649 100 3026 3025 | 36791 100 3276 3275
---------------------------------- | ---------------------------
Avr: 100 2929 2928 | 100 3318 3317
To: 100 3124 3123

RPi5 with command “7z b”

7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21
p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=en_GB.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,4 CPUs LE)
LE
CPU Freq: - - - - - - 512000000 - -
RAM size: 8049 MB, # CPU hardware threads: 4
RAM usage: 882 MB, # Benchmark threads: 4
                       Compressing | Decompressing
Dict Speed ​​Usage R/U Rating | Speed ​​Usage R/U Rating
         KiB/s % MIPS MIPS | KiB/s % MIPS MIPS
22: 9384 381 2396 9129 | 152484 399 3262 13009
23: 8784 384 2328 8950 | 148477 398 3226 12847
24: 8440 378 2403 9075 | 144927 398 3194 12723
25: 8088 374 2469 9235 | 141389 399 3152 12583
---------------------------------- | ---------------------------
Avr: 379 2399 9098 | 399 3209 12791
To: 389 2804 10944

RPI4 with the command “7z b -mmt1”

7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21
p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=en_GB.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,4 CPUs LE)
LE
CPU Freq: - - - - - - - - -
RAM size: 3792 MB, # CPU hardware threads: 4
RAM usage: 435 MB, # Benchmark threads: 1
                       Compressing | Decompressing
Dict Speed ​​Usage R/U Rating | Speed ​​Usage R/U Rating
         KiB/s % MIPS MIPS | KiB/s % MIPS MIPS
22: 1433 100 1395 1394 | 18991 100 1622 1622
23: 1358 100 1384 1384 | 18713 100 1620 1620
24: 1277 100 1374 1374 | 18402 100 1616 1616
25: 1199 100 1370 1370 | 17953 100 1598 1598
---------------------------------- | ---------------------------
Avr: 100 1381 1380 | 100 1614 1614
To: 100 1497 1497

RPi4 with the command “7z b”

7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21
p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=en_GB.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,4 CPUs LE)
LE
CPU Freq: 64000000 64000000 - - - - - - -
RAM size: 3792 MB, # CPU hardware threads: 4
RAM usage: 882 MB, # Benchmark threads: 4
                       Compressing | Decompressing
Dict Speed ​​Usage R/U Rating | Speed ​​Usage R/U Rating
         KiB/s % MIPS MIPS | KiB/s % MIPS MIPS
22: 3868 338 1114 3764 | 73832 399 1578 6299
23: 3734 355 1073 3805 | 72478 399 1572 6271
24: 3597 363 1065 3868 | 71181 399 1565 6249
25: 3481 368 1081 3975 | 69457 399 1548 6182
---------------------------------- | ---------------------------
Avr: 356 1083 3853 | 399 1566 6250
To: 377 1325 5052

Another untested tool is stress-ng 

CPU conclusion

In some cases the CPU is twice as fast.

GPU

For the graphics processor speed, we used the tools below:

Glmark2

en

Vkmark

The Geekbench tool received a compilation error and we have not yet been able to test it.

We were also curious about the difference between the number of frames per second of quake2.

However, the volcano version produced strange artifacts and this test will also be followed up.

There is no hardware codec acceleration, only HEVC decoding.
(H265 hardware decoding at 4k60, and VC1 hardware decoding)

RPi5

RPi4

GPU conclusion

The vulkan variant was even faster than the glmark2 

Vulkan score average found on the internet 77 (glmark2) compared to vulkan (188)

Below is the temperature of an RPi5 after playing a 5k video for 4 minutes.
(Shifting thermal image and photo of the raspberry is due to the dual camera of the flir module)

Storage (IO)

To measure the IO speed of the storage we used the following tools.

Hdparm, dd, iozone3

Other tools include Bonnie and fio

We watched:

• Read/Write actions to SD card
• Read/Write actions to SSD via USB2 interface
• Read/Write actions to SSD via USB3 interface

The SSD measurements were done by one USB3 to SATA adapter and connect it to the USB connections of the Raspberry.

It must be said that the fastest IO should be sought in an Nvme solution or via the PCIe of the RPi5. (This is not present on the RPi4)

Disadvantages of SD card, although much has been improved. Many write actions can cause problems with older cards.
A solution to this could be: disabling logging, writing actions to a second external disk such as a thumb drive or SSD.

An SD card will also be slower due to:

• Sequential writing
• Limited caching
• Fragmentation

A better solution is to connect an SSD via an SSD to USB interface.

Disadvantages of an SSD

• For this you need a SATA to USB3 interface or an SSD housing with built-in USB converter.
• More expensive because of the above
• Be careful with a TLC and QLC, they will become slower as the disk fills up.

An NVMe solution will be the fastest, a USB Thumbdrive is somewhere between an SD card and an SSD.

At the end of this document are the in-depth iozone graphs.

Some meetings

( IOPS stands for “Input/Output Operations Per Second” )

RPi4 NVME - avg - 239MB/s - 19000 IOPS
RPi5 NVME - avg - 333MB/s - 22200 IOPS
RPi4 SSD - avg - 190 MB/s - 13300 IOPS
RPi5 SSD - avg - 254 MB/s - 18000 IOPS
RPi4 sdcard - avg - 27MB/s - 3500 IOPS READ!
                             900 IOPS WRITE
RPi5 sdcard - avg - 41MB/s - 4000 IOPS READ!
                             1000 IOPS WRITE

 System boot time from power on to opening the desktop.
These times are with SD card, SSD will be faster

RPI4 - avg 35 sec
RPI5 - avg 17 sec

 Measuring throughput with DD

The following command was used for the following.

dd if=/dev/zero of=zerodatafile bs=1G count=1 conv=fdatasync

(Note: uses fdatasync to ensure that the write process waits until the cache is cleared and everything is on storage!)

RPi5

Sdcard : 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB, 1.0 GiB) copied, 37.6299 s, 28.5 MB/s
SSD - usb2 : 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB, 1.0 GiB) copied, 40.0703 s, 26.8 MB/s
SSD - usb3 : 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB, 1.0 GiB) copied, 3.94715 s, 272 MB/s 

RPi4

Sdcard : 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB, 1.0 GiB) copied, 51.6502 s, 20.8 MB/s
SSD - usb 2 : 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB, 1.0 GiB) copied, 39.2004 s, 27.4 MB/s
SSD - usb 3 : 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB, 1.0 GiB) copied, 6.56438 s, 164 MB/s

As can be seen, we can conclude a few things:

SD card speed is slightly higher on the RPi5, via USB2 it doesn't matter that much.

However, addressing the SSD via USB3 is more than 1.5x faster!

RPi4 – Read – SSD 

RPi4 – Write – SSD

RPi5 – Read – SSD

RPi5 – Write – SSD

Network meeting

Tools used: iperf3

Command server: 
iperf3 -s

Client command: 
iperf3 -c

This meeting measures without saving data, so the speed of storage has no influence.
The network throughput speed was almost the same wired, in both cases to a remote machine ~900mbit/s

The WiFi meetings are listed below

WiFi via the RPi5 at a reasonable distance from the access point.

Download 122 mbits/s and upload 200 mbits/s.

On the RPi4 the up and download was the same at 75 mbit/s

Conclusion

The raspberry has been improved in many respects.

The processor speed, graphics handling, IO throughput and WiFi are all faster than the Raspberry 4.

At some points even 2 to 3 times faster